Thinking activity : Contemporary Debates and Mario Vargos Llosa

● Thinking activity : Contemporary Debates and Mario Vargos Llosa: 

The issues in contemporary time like liberalism, Nationalism , Populism , intellectual honesty, literature and Morality and political correctness and Freedom.Here  I try to give my views about all the things. All  are part of culture studies.

 In liberalism shows the individual liberty or freedom which is obviously aginst power of democracy. Liberals are not accepted by society because in the society people have the see thing which is acceptable by everyone but liberal people see the things in the different way which is not  seen by common people. They see the thing different perspective. They have different perspective of living the life but as the word " different " shows that they are not accepted commonly the things so people easily not accept them. It should not be happen  because people should accept the different perspective which is shown by liberal people. Ideologies are also enemy of freedom.

 Nationalism is also against liberals because it incompatible with the freedom it involves racism because we all belongs to certain countries or Nation or race or religion. It has value in itself , value of being superior on the others so this same thing happens here in racism that the thing of superiority and inferiority create violence in the society and this thing suppressed freedom.

 Populism is challenge by Democracy.  In the literature freedom is important because without it that cannot express the thing which is real. So Literature freedom is shows things which is real and hiding   because of the reason of Morality  so Literature freedom and Morality is not going together both are enemies.

Political correctness is also against of freedom. Political correctness means you are in favor of political power which is always wrong  and it not allows you to going aginst it. You are not free to take decision aginst the political power so it controlled you so obviously you lost your freedom. So political power don't like freedom. People are  always dominant by political power and lost their freedom .


    

Thinking activity on Power and Media.

Cultural  Studies :Power  and media

● cultural studies : 

Cultural studies is the study of the ways in which culture is constructed and the ways it evolves and changes over time.

● Media culture :

  Media is fourth pillar of democracy. It is associated with Advertisement , marketing and critique. Media is essential part of culture. It is academic field that deals with the content from history , effects and political implications of various media and technologies.
   

● Five  filters of Media : 

1) Media ownership : 

The endgame of all mass media orgs is profit. it is in their interst to push for whatever guarantees that profit.

2) Advertising: 

Media costs more than consumers will pay for advertisement. it feels the gap . it access to audience and media is not just selling you product but also selling the advertisers in the form of You .

3) Media Elite : 

In the Media Governments, cooperation and big institutions know that how to influence media by using their power and money . if you challenge the power for doing somthing wrong it is never accept by power. Either you will be punished or you lost your job and everything.

4) Flack : 

In this where the story which is showing the negative image or real face of power it becomes inconvenient for power and they try to hide it by discreading sourses or trashing the story and put the different story for diverting the conversation.

5) The common Enemy : 

To manufacture it need enemy, target, terrorism, immigrants or a boogey man to create fear to helps corral public opinion.


● Influence of power : 

"Power is the ability to make  others do what you would have them do. "

● Six civic sourses of power : 

1) Physical power
2) wealth
3) state action
4) social norms
5) ideas
6) Numbers


● three laws of power : 

1) Power is never static
2) Power is like water
3) Power is multiplied by power and powerlessness is multiplied by powerlessness.

● power comes from :

1) Your purpose or social purpose  ( Prosocial or Anti social )
2) Education  ( teacher - student )
3) Political  ( use power to make people fear or for vote )
4) Parents and child.


So Media highly control by power. Though it has power to show the reality of power but because of the fear of power never gives it freedom to express the things. Power controlls media by using their power and money. So we can say that Power becomes more powerful than media that it has power to what to show people. So Media becomes tool for powerful people to foolish and control the mind of people.

Thinking activity : Fiction and lie

                       Fiction and lies 

                                      &

   literature is made of the truth ,  lies , facts and fiction.  So at one point we can say that literature is mixture of this things. It is not full of lie and not full of fiction. In the literature power decided the  literature and it is mixture of lies and fiction sometime. The power uses both of things to make people under influence of their power. 

  There is the difference between lies and fiction. Fiction is for the purpose of entertainment and it can't harm the people. But in lies pretend to be truth and it uses for harm the people. Our elders says that don't speak lie why they are tell us ?  Because there is something harmful insight the lie. It uses for hide the truth or reality. 

   Fiction is the imagination of writers mind that can't exist in the real world for example " Jungle book" movie is based upon fiction . In this the animal talk with each other but in reality this thing never happen but it gives moral lessons through this. So the things which never can't exist in real world it is form of imagination of writers mind to make people entertain it's called fiction. It is escape  from reality.

Whether the lie is connected with reality.

   In the Fiction some of is clearly impossible , some of it realistic but none of them is real all of is imagined. We call it fiction because it is not real.

  The post truth in politics is that large share of population has moved beyond true and false. They thrill precisely to the falsehood of a statement because it shows the speaker has power to reshape reality.

   

  So,  the literature is the mixture of the both lies and fiction. 

Analysis of the poem : Break, Break , Break by Alfred Lord Tennyson

● Break, Break, Break : Alfred Lord Tennyson

● Poem :

Break, break, break,

On thy cold grey stones, O Sea!

And I would that my tongue could utter

The thoughts that arise in me.

O well for the fisherman's boy,

That he shouts with his sister at play!

O well for the sailor lad,

That he sings in his boat on the bay!

And the stately ships go on

To their haven under the hill;

But O for the touch of a vanish'd hand,

And the sound of a voice that is still!

Break, break, break,

At the foot of thy crags, O Sea!

But the tender grace of a day that is dead,

Will never come back to me.

● Analysis of the poem : 

 This poem is written by Alfred Lord Tennison. It is written in 1835 and publish in 1842 .The poem describes the feeling of loss and realisation that there is something beyond the cycle of Life and Death. He is standing on sandy sea shore and writing this poem. This poem carries the emotional impact of person reflecting on loss of someone he cared for. So this poem is wrote after the death of his friend Arthur Hallam .

         The poem has four stanzas of four lines. In the first stanza sea is battering the stones. The poet appears frustrated that sea can keep and making noice while he is unable to utter his thoughts. Sea 's loud roar and it's energy is something that he lacks. So the repetition of break aptly  conveys ceaseless motion of waves each wave reminding him what he lacks.

       In the second stanza poet expresses distance between himself and the happy people playing and singing where they are. The possesses joy fulfillment, whether together or alone but he doesn't. He gives example of brother and sister have each other ,  the sailor has his boat and the poet is alone. They have a reason to be happy .

    In the next stanza he talks about stately ships moving to their haven under the hill. So ship moving towards its destination Either to port or over the horizon But the poet however has no Plan about his life and he misses his Friend. So they seems content with destination But the mounded grave is no pleasant heaven in contrast. That end means end of activity. There is no more voice to hear. Again poet is caught up in his internal thoughts. The critic H.Sopher also interpreats the contrast in his stanza like : The Satelines of the ship contrast with poet 's emotional imbalance , the ship moves forward to an attainable goal while the poet looks back to vanished hand and voice that is still .

      In the last stanza poet talks about waves that they come again and again and hitting a wall of rock each time and return But for him there is no return of the dead just the recurring pain of loss. So the poet looks at the sea again and addresses to it once more by this time he realise that even if he manages express his grief the grace of his friend will never come back to him to wish to express is itself no solution to the problem .

            Poet 's realisation of fruitlessness of action and sea 's action is seemingly fruitless too because of it is all afford it can't go beyond the rocks than the poet restore the past So both the sea and speaker continue with their useless but repeated actions so the scene evokes a sense of inevitability and hopelessness.

          So this poem is progress towards Immorality of friendship. The poem starts with remembrance and sorrow of his friend who is dead so poet has pain of lossing his friendship but in the later part or in the last stanza poet realise the immortality of their friendship. So he realise that friendship is beyond the cycle of Life and Death. 

Thinking activity on Derrida and Deconstruction

Here is my task or thinking activity on Derrida and Deconstruction as a part of my academic study. To open the task link click Here.

1) What do you understand by 'Deconstruction'? (Remember: if you think you understand Deconstruction, you don't.)

Ans : 

           The term itself very difficult to understand because there is not any definition given by Derrida . As we use to understand the thing from definition and it becomes easy way for us to understand and this thing make this term difficult to understand.

     " Deconstruction is not destructive activity but inquiry into the foundation and causes of intellectual system. " 

       
    Derrida strongly believe that to define something is to make to boundaries around it. Deconstruction can be taken as a  process of inquiring the origin amd consrtuction of the text. Deconstruction do not destroy of any text but its questions it . So one can get to the idea of existence of the text .

   Deconstruction is not word and not belive in dictionary meaning as dictionary gives only another word or we can say it decentralised only another word for one word or we we can say it decentralised from center.

2) Read an ad or TV serial or Film or literary text as post-structuralist critic. Be brief, precise and to the point.

1) Drashyam movie : 

    In this film shows the binary oppositions of Power - Knowledge,  Middle class - High class , Family - Law, Morality - Immorality,   Man - Woman , Society - Family .

This film itself deconstruction the mentality that believes by police officer ( Tabu) that  illiterate person is never  smart or intelligent to  escape from his crime. But the later part of the movie  deconstructed this idea that  Vijay ( protagonist ) is too much intelligent beyond her thinking. He get knowledge from watching films. He saves his family from this crime.

           In this movie shows the conflict between power and knowledge or conflict between woman and man.As usually Man become superior by saving his family from crime.

        When the lady officer ( Tabu)  comes to know that her son making video of girl after knowing the reality about her son she never think  that her son has doing something wrong.she also never think twice about that girl who going through this difficult time  and as a women she should not be so cruel towards the girl. In this film also shows the mentality of society that women 's pride is so much important for family. When something goes wrong with girl society ultimately blame the girl and her family and never accept them. Because after knowing the reality people  blame the girl more than boy. In this film also shows this thing.This thing become  responsible for  girl to killing that boy.

     

2) Advertisement of Favikvik : Todo nahi Jodo:

 This advertise is about favikwik . In this advertise we can see the binary oppositions of India - Pakistan, Patrioticism - Humanity, Enemy - Humanity , To Breaking - To binding. This advertise telling the message of unity believe in binding not Breaking but it not focus on the boder between two nation this thing itself break this main theme of this advertisement that the nation already devided into two parts and that two solder represting that own nation. 

Thinking activity on : Structuralism by Gérard Genette

           Structuralism : Gerard Genette 


Here is My answer related with the task. To open task link click Here.

● Being a structuralist critic, how would you analyse literary text or TV serial or Film? You can select any image or TV serial or film or literary text or advertisement. Apply structuralist method and post your write up on your blog.

Ans : 

Structuralism : 

    It is a approach to analysing the narrative Material by examining the underlying invariant structure. This is in fact exactly what structuralism is about structuralist theorist are interested in identifying and analysing the structure that underlie all the cultural phenomenon. 

     Structuralist got the notion that everything could be analysed in the terms of deep structure from linguistic Ferdinand Saussure,  Gerard Genette. They found the basic structure in every work. It is like human structure of body that all human being have same inside structure of body. So this can also apply into the literature that it has also their basic common structure which can found every literary forms.

1) Languge , Langue , Parole 

2) Sign , Signifier , Signified 

3) Dachronic vs Synchronic 

● As a structuralist I found here the similar structure in the movies : 

1) suspense 

2) Thriller 

1)  Drishyam : 

            This is one of the best suspense movie in Bollywood. It is directed by Nishikant kamat and Produced by Abhishek Pathak. It is the fascinating story that every moment you are forced to think that what will happen next. It is full of suspense and thrillar movie. It is the one of the best movie which I have ever seen. It has no any mistake in direction.  
         In this movie AJay Devgan is  illiterate person who only 4th pass but this thing can't decide that he is not intelligent person which Tabu ( police officer ) believe that he is illiterate and not much intelligent but later on she realise that he is more intelligent person beyond her thinking. So intelligence is not bases on which degree you have or how much you studied it can't decide your intelligency. So Ajay Devgan  is more Family center rather than believe in law and crime. He protect his family into this situation and he become successful. 

2) Special 26 : 

       It is also Bollywood thriller movie directed by Neeraj Pandey and produced by Kumar Margat and Shital Bhatia. It is must watch movie for everyone with decent comedy and an ultimate twist at the end. It is engages the audience till the end.it is a mixture of suspense and thriller. This movie based on 1987 Opera house heist where a group of posing as CBI officer executed an income tax raid on the jewellery shop in Mumbai .

● Fake Is Real And Real Is Fake : 

    So in this movie " Special Fake 26 " things or person seems as Real and Real things or person seems as Fake. The Fake CBI officers behaving as Real officers and they have more confidant then Real officer. On other hand Real officer has introduced himself that they are Real CBI officer. We can see this thing when he says " Hum CBI se hai asli Vale ".  So they have to clarifying themselves by saying that they are Real. In other hand the Fake CBI officers never clarify that they are Real in opposite that they slept the other officer or businessmen .

    In the interview of celecting people for income tax raid by Fake CBI officers people who giving interview they believed that they are Real CBI officers and in front of them they told about patrioticism and removing corruption  from India. But they never know that these people are Fake CBI officers.

● Police / CBI  :    So in both movies police is as a sign who Signified as protector. But in both movie it seems to failed. In Drashyam movie police is failed to searching to the criminal or failed to prove the crime which is done by criminal. In the second movie special 26 police/ CBI officer is again failed to protect the jewellery shop from the thief 's gang and not caught them.  

● Significance of ' FIRE ' and ' ICE ' in the both poems : 1) Fire and Ice by Robert Frost and 2) Ice and Fire by Edmund Spenser.

 Ans : 

 1) Fire and Ice by Robert Frost : 

2) Ice and Fire by Edmund Spenser : 

      

 So in this both of poem their are common thing told which is Fire and Ice and we can see this thing as many ways like fire is a symbol of passion and Ice is a symbol of careless. Also Fire and Ice is symbol of the seasons of summer and winter. Also one is a symbol of anger and another is symbol of  calmness. 
      There is another thing is both are dangerous. Both have strength burn the thing and make anything lifeless. So they can't go together as this thing shows in this poems that in presence of fire ice can't dissolves and in the presence of ice make fire more heatable.

Thinking Activity on Northrop Frye : The Archetypes of Literature

Thinking Activity on Archetypes of Literature by Northrop Frye : 

1) What is Archetypal Criticism ? What does the Archetypal  Critic do?

 Ans :
      Archetypal means "Original form". It refers to universal symbols,  theme , character, images. It repeated throughout literature. It is a term in which Frye 's archetypal criticism strictly categorise works based on their genres which determine how on archetype is to be interpreted in a text .
      Archetypal Critic would suggest that all human experience is connected through literature and this experience is expressed again and again by using the same pattern throughout time and space. There are some universal truths that we can learn by reading .

2)What is Frye trying to prove by giving an analogy of ' Physics to Nature ' and ' Criticism to Literature'.

Ans : 
     In this Frye compare the both Physics to Nature and Criticism to Literature. The Physics is deep study of Nature but it called physics not Nature  though it is based on the Nature only but it called physics.In the same manner In the literature we are not learn the literature but we learn to understand literature,  how to read and how to criticise literature so we are not Learn literature but criticise literature. So it is the criticism of literature. So Literature is equall to Nature and Physics is equall to Criticism.

3) Share your views of criticism as an organised body of knowledge. Mention relation of literature with history and philosophy.

Ans :
   Criticism is as an organised body of knowledge. So it is progressive way of Literature. But Literature never organised it should free from it for the progress of Literature. It definitely deeply connected with the History and Philosophy both are important pillars  of Literature. The History connected with the myths and Philosophy connected with Morality and ethics. History stands for events and Philosophy is stands for idea.

4) Briefly explain Indicative method with illustrations of Shakespeare 's Hamlet 's Grave Digger 's scene.

Ans:
   Inductive method is method of reasoning which works from specific to general. In the Shakespeare 's Hamlet the grave digger scene is the example of it. It is specific scene which lead us toward general things.
   In this shows about blind faith in the religion Some buried rules of Christianity. In this Ophelia 's death is centre whether her death is nature and accident or suicide. According Christian religion suicide victims not normally buried in churchyard in those days.
  The second thing is the about the gravediggers that they are not effected   by the death of others because it is their rutin work. They have  romanticize relationship with their jobs. It is manifestations of the absolute integrity of gravediggers. So In this we come to general observations: corruption in society, their own worth and equality of all human kind , concept of death : Humanbeing is Mortal , blind faith about death and Hamlet ready Die for his love and ready for fighting with Laertes. So with the Specific scene we come to the general illustrations.

5) Briefly explain Deductive Method with reference to an analogy to music , painting, rhythm and pattern. Give example of outcome of  Deductive Method.

Ans :
   In the Deductive Method it come from general to specific or particular observations. In this Music has rhyme and Painting has patterns. Both are connected while listening the music at the first time we can't understand but when we start to understand the words we image a picture in the mind by this imagination we understand the things. As the same thing happens while reading literature we image the things through the imagination it helps us to understand the literature. So music , rhythm, painting, pattern so it helps to understand the literature.

6) Refer to the Indian seasonal grid ( below) If you can, please  read small Gujrati or Hindi poem from Archetypal approach and apply India seasonal grid in the interpretation.

Ans : 
     Here is one poem which about Nature : spring poem : 
Hindi Poems on Nature – मौसम बसंत का

लो आ गया फिर से हँसी मौसम बसंत का
शुरुआत है बस ये निष्ठुर जाड़े के अंत का
गर्मी तो अभी दूर है वर्षा ना आएगी
फूलों की महक हर दिशा में फ़ैल जाएगी
पेड़ों में नई पत्तियाँ इठला के फूटेंगी
प्रेम की खातिर सभी सीमाएं टूटेंगी
सरसों के पीले खेत ऐसे लहलहाएंगे
सुख के पल जैसे अब कहीं ना जाएंगे
आकाश में उड़ती हुई पतंग ये कहे
डोरी से मेरा मेल है आदि अनंत का
लो आ गया फिर से हँसी मौसम बसंत का
शुरुआत है बस ये निष्ठुर जाड़े के अंत का
ज्ञान की देवी को भी मौसम है ये पसंद
वातवरण में गूंजते है उनकी स्तुति के छंद
स्वर गूंजता है जब मधुर वीणा की तान का
भाग्य ही खुल जाता है हर इक इंसान का
माता के श्वेत वस्त्र यही तो कामना करें
विश्व में इस ऋतु के जैसी सुख शांति रहे
जिसपे भी हो जाए माँ सरस्वती की कृपा
चेहरे पे ओज आ जाता है जैसे एक संत का
लो आ गया फिर से हँसी मौसम बसंत का
शुरुआत है बस ये निष्ठुर जाड़े के अंत का 
   
   So in this poem talks about the spring season. What the changes comes of spring also talks about the flowers and tress , kite festival and also many things which comes when spring comes and people feels new life and feeling happy when spring comes. It also talks about that what  changes comes at this season.

The Figurative Language : I.A.Richard

 

     I.A. Richard 's Practical criticism written in 1929.He experiments on the students to gave them poems without their title and author 's name. He gave suggestions, comments and interpretation. His criticism gave new path to litrary criticism.

      Instead of impressionistic criticism  it became factual and science. In his Matgodology a lot of importance is given to the "words".

        He believed that poet writes to communicated and language is become a way of communication. Language is made of words. A study of word is all important. If we are to understand the meaning of art.words carry four kinds of meaning :

1.Sense : The items reffred by a writer.

2.Feelings : Feeling refers to emotions. Emotional attitude, will, attitude, desire, pleasure, displeasure.

3.Tone: Tone is writers attitude to his readers or audience.

4.Intention : It is writers aim which may be conscious or unconscious. It refres to the effect that he tries to produced.

● Two use of language:

1. Scientific use

2. Emotive use

   In this scientific use of language is usually matter of fact. All the activies covers by this use require undistorted references and absence of fiction. In this use of language true or false. This reference should be correct and logical.

    In this emotive language truth and logical argument not necessary. In this referential use of language by butterfly or cloud etc.

● Four types of misunderstanding :

1) Misunderstanding of sense of poetry  (careless, intuitive reading )
2) Over -literal reading -Prosaic reading.
3) Defective scholarship - inappropriate metaphor
4) Difference in meaning of words in prose and poetry.

Kala Chashma from Baar Baar Dekho: 

      It is a new version of superhit Punjabi song “Tenu Kala Chasma Jachda Hai”. The song is recreated by popular rapper Badshah and features vocals by Amar Arshi & Neha Kakkar.





तेनू कला चश्मा जाच दा आए
जचड़ा आए गोरे मुखड़े ते
तेनू कला चश्मा जाच दा आए
जचड़ा एह गोरे मुखड़े ते

सड़को पे चले
जब लड़कों के दिलों में
तू आग लगा दे बेबी फिरे
नकली सी नखरे तू करें
जब देखे हूमें झूती लाइयर!

कला कला चश्मा जज्दा तेरे मुखड़े पे
जैसा कला तिल जचता है तेरे चीन पे
अपनी अदाओं से ज़्यादा नही तो
दस बारे लड़के तो
मार ही देती होगी दिन में

तुझ जैसे छातिस फिरते है
मेरे वरगी और ना होनी वे
वरगी और ना होनी वे

तू मुंडा बिलखुल देसी है
मैं कटरीना तो सोहनी वे

हाए मैं फेड उप हो गया मुंडेया 2
सुन्न सुन्न के तेरे दुख दे वे

मैनउ कला चश्मा
हो मैनउ कला कला कला..
हो मैनउ कला चश्मा जज्ता आए
जाच दा है गोरे मुखड़े ते
मैनउ कला चश्मा जज्ता आए
जाच दा है गोरे मुखड़े ते

 सडको पे चले
जब लड़कों के दिलों में
तू आग लगा दे बेबी फिरे

ओ मैनउ ओ मैनउ..
नकली सी नखरे तू करें
जब देखे हूमें झूती लाइयर

हो मैनउ कला चश्मा
ओ मैनउ कला काला चश्मा
आए कला चाछमा
ओ कला कला कला कला..

कला चश्मा जाच दा आए
जचड़ा आए गोरे मुखड़े ते
तेनू कला चस्मा जाच दा आए
जचड़ा आए गोरे मुखड़े ते

मैनउ कला चश्मा जाच दा आए
जचड़ा आए गोरे मुखड़े ते
तेनू कला चस्मा जाच दा आए
जचड़ा आए गोरे मुखड़े ते
 
 ● Misunderstanding in the language :
         
        So in this song lover talking about his beloved beauty. Lover says that the balck glasses is looking nice on her face.But it is not true that black glasses only looking nice on fair face. In this lover compare the  mole which is on her face is like stain on the Moon. So he compare mole with stain and Moon with her beautiful face.

       In the line "सडको पे चले जब लड़कों के दिलों में
तू आग लगा दे " So in this line talking about that she puts boys hearts on fire. So how it can be possible that she can put fire on the boys heart. It is impossible thing.

     In the next lines " अपनी अदाओं से ज़्यादा नही तो
दस बारे लड़के तो मार ही देती होगी दिन में ". In this talking about that with her style she must kill at least 10 or 12 boys in a day. It is so ridicules how it can be possible that girl kills 10 or 12 boys in a day with her style.
 
      So this thing make us to  misunderstanding the song. With the non believeable thing like put fire on hearts and killing boys with her style. So it is meaningless and useless song. It is only entertainment at all.
   
   

Thinking activity on Frankenstein

●Thiking activity on Frankenstein : 

1) What are some major difference between Movie and the Novel Frankenstein?   

Answer : 

           The Major difference between Movie and Novel is : 

 ● In the novel the Monster wants revenge on all the society because of his condition that people consider him different because of he is ugly and dangerous person for others.While in the movie Monster only wants revenge from Victor and his family.

 ● In the novel Henry was friend of Victor since childhood. But in the Movie he meet Victor at University. 

 ● In the novel Victor destroy the female Monster before he finished it but in the Movie female monster killing her self. 

  

2) Did this Movie helps you in understanding the plot of the novel ? 

Answer :  

        Yes , this movie definitely help me to understand the whole plot.This movie includes the whole things which describes in novel and presenting very appropriately. Because of this thing I find interest in this novel by watching this movie. 

3) Who you think is real Monster? 

Answer:

     I think Victor is the real monster. Because of his pride of knowledg ,his selfishness and craving of knowledge. He wants to creating life from inanimate body parts. Though he was warned many times by professor. After creating monster he neglected from his parental duty to protect him and to teach him morality. He leaving him alone and he doesn't care about it .The Monster not possess the quality of Monster but the society and unresponsible Victor make him Monster. Victor was selfish , neglected his duty towards his creation and his excessive pride of knowledge make him the real monster of this novel in the real sense. 

4) From where Mary shelley get idea of this novel Frankenstein ? 

Answer :

     Mary shelley get this idea in the preface of 1831 addition of novel shelley wrote that the idea first came to her in the summer of 1816 where she stayed in a manor on Lake Geneva with her future husband Percy Bysshe Shelley and the writers Lord Byron and John Polidori. Byron suggested that each of them write ghost story. So she get first idea of novel Frankenstein.

5) Do you think that the search of knowledge is dangerous and destructive?  

Answer :

       Yes, when you have used the knowledge in wrong way so it becomes dangerous and destructive. For example Victor has Knowledge but he uses the knowledge in the wrong way by creating a Monster. Though he was warn by the professor.Because of the wrong use of knowledge ultimately responsible for the death of his family members and himself also. So this way search of knowledge is dangerous and destructive. 

6) What are some myths used by Mary shelley in the Frankenstein?  

Answer : In Mary shelley 's Frankenstein there are three myths used by Mary shelley:

  1) The myth of Narcissism 

  2) The myth of Prometheus 

  3) The myth from bibal 

7) write about the Narratology of Frankenstein. 

  

Answer :

  Frankenstein is written from frame narrative technique. It means the story  with in the story. First the captain Walton writing letters to his sister about his adventure. Then second the Frankenstein meets Walton and tells his story to Walton. The third is the Monster tells his adventure story to Victor. So it is story with in the story with different narrative perspective of Victor and Monster. 

Psychological analysis of Frankenstein

●Psychological analysis of Frankenstein : 

● Introduction : 

Mary shelley 's Frankenstein is an entertaining novel. It is a mental development of each of characters through out the story. The best way to display such a psychological process is to compare events and thoughts. 

    

● Sigmund Freud theory : 

Sigmund Freud theory is bases on the three Id , Ego, Super-Ego.

1) Id:  Id is shows through primitive action of certain characters those that involve little judgement and rely on instinct rather than informed decision.       

 

2)  Ego : The Ego can be observed through basic thoughts and decisions that made without the influence of conscience. 

3) Super - Ego :  The Super -Ego is in fact conscious thought itself often it characrist by the guit or other feelings that comes as a result of Id and Ego. 

    

● Psychological analysis of Frankenstein :  

                   

1) Id : 

        Id is most commonly applied to instinctual action. Id is probably the least prevalent of the three in Frankenstein. It plays a major role in shaping the characters most specially Frankenstein 's monster.

      The Monster finds himself satisfying his Id by teaching himself the basic mens of living and human actions. These skills gives him what he needs to live and obtain his necessities. Id is associated with primitive inhuman desires. Frankenstein 's Monster takes on bestial and primitive image.

2) Ego :

      Ego is applied to the organized and realistic part of character 's mentality and unlike Id requires judgement and next level thinking.

      Victor Frankenstein 's willing development into a scientifically learned being. He wants to creating life from inanimate body parts.it shows the more advanced and yet still some what surface. Through the process of and Ego influenced being.

      Additionally Frankenstein 's Ego that distance him from his family and friends. At this point he has capacity to make decisions and act on them but he not consider or feel what might come out from it.

3) Super -Ego : 

        Victor 's Ego soon turns into Super - Ego as the consequences of his actions become visible. The Super - Ego plays the moral role three and it allowing for emotional comprehension of the events that unfolds.

 ● Guilt : 

    Guilt seems to be common thread between the Super - Ego of Frankenstein and his Monster.

      After completing his creation victor couldn't accept his own creation Victor can't love Monster and so he hated him and later on it turns into guilt and wants to kill Monster. He fails to take his responsibilities and starting hated him and by killing him he wants to hide his mistake.

    Victor is suffers with guilt upon realizing that his creation is responsible for the death of his father , brother, friend and wife. He even seeks a temporary release from the guilt in isolation and appreciation of nature.

     The Monster finds himself in very similar situation facing guilt of actually killing the once that Frankenstein loved. The Mental punishment of guilt plays a large role in forming the Super -Ego of both protagonist and antagonist.

 

●Conclusion : 

   

    So Id characterizes the Monster 's initial struggle from survival within and unfamiliar world. Ego is played out by Frankenstein 's obsession with biological science and later creation of Monster. Super -Ego is also adds the ethical and emotionally conscious element. So Freud 's model of psyche almost perfectly outline the basic psychological activities with in and between the characters of Frankenstein.

      

Thinking activity on T.S.Eliot : Traditional and Individual Talent

1) How would you like to explain Eliot 's concept of tradition ? Do you agree with it ?               
 Answer :  I agree with T.S.Eliot 's concept of tradition . He is not just following customs of given tradition but much more than that. He is not believed in slavish imitation of his tradition. Eliot thinks this thing in a  positive way and says that The countries  and Nations try to preserve their tradition as something  heritage as something which is essential part of their culture and necessarily has to be handed down from generation to generation. So poet has to write with awareness of litrary tradition of his nation.He should not merely imitate that tradition. Eliot also says that 'The writer writes with history in his bones." So Eliot sees tradition in very positive way rather than negative way. So we have to learn Good things from tradition and not repeat the Bad or Negative things. So If we do this we can make better present.   
                                       
 2) what do you understand by historical sense ? ( use these quotes to explain your understanding )

 Answer :
                 
"The  Historical sense involves a perception not only of the pastness of past but of its presence "      

                It means that tradition is not that is dead but somthing that is already living .it not gives important to pastness of past but it gives more important to present of past. It helps to make better present with the help of good things of past and learn from bad or Negative things and not repeat that in the present.       
              
      " This historical sense ,which is timeless as well as of temporal and of the timeless and temporal together is what makes writer traditional ."         

            In timeless which means  that History does not have any past or present and temporal which means that it exist even today in present time . So poet has to develop a critical judgement of great authors of past and   shift good one from bad . So shift ordinary to grate. With this things it makes writer traditional.
                    
3) What is a relationship between " Tradition " and "The Individual talent " according to T.S.Eliot?   
    
Answer : According to T.S.Eliot  Individual talent can't cut from tradition. They both connected with each other. Poet or writer must have knowledge of all the great writers of their tradition. It is also not inherited you must obtain it by grate labour.           

 4) Explain " Some can absorb knowledge the more tardy must sweat for it Shakespeare acquire more essential history from plutarch than most men could from the whole British museum "   
                     
Answer :  Eliot demands first wide reading but  here give a example of Shakespeare that in his biography there is no mention that Shakespeare went to any university. He not know other languages than English. He was not highly educated person but he has wide knowledge of entire cross section of character, themes, ideas in his works. Shakespeare has absorbed his age so he seems to absorbed and lived through his age and absorbed his age. Shakespeare not made any effort about it.That is called perfect individual talent that Shakespeare possessed.
                       
5) Explain :" Honest criticism and sensitive appreciation is direct not upon poet but upon poetry. 
       
 Answer :  In this he trys to explain honest criticism and appreciation. In this critic should appreciate the work without any prejudice and personal view. Criticism should only poetry but not poet. If we like any work it because of its quality of work. We like the work of art not the artist. We should criticise the work itself not artist personal
                 
                    
6) How would you like to explain Eliot 's theory of Depersonalization?  You can explain with the help of chemical reaction in presence of catalyst agent Platinum.    

 
            
Answer : Eliot trys to bring the elements of science into humanities and arts. In the theory of Depersonalization. In this the laboratory formation of sulfuric acid which is H2SO4. In this require sulfur trioxide and water and Platinum. Platinum has to be there in reaction otherwise it will not formed. So  the platinum is plays very important part in this process but it is not found in the product itself. So this is also connect with creative mind of poet. Which played important part to create poetry but not present only his feeling and emotions are present into his poetry. So it is like Platinum. 

     
7) Explain " Poetry is not turning to loose of Emotions but an escape from emotion it is not the expression of personality but escape from personality. " 

Answer :  it means that poet writes poetry to escape from his emotions of his life which he faces and suffers .By expresses his emotions it gIves him pleasure. This thing convert himself into poet .
                   
8) write two points on which one can write critique on T.S.Eliot as a critic.                                   
Answer : The two point as my point of view that one can write critique on T. S. Eliot as a critic :         
 1) "Poetry is not turning to loose of Emotions but an escape from emotion it is not the expression of personality but escape from personality. "           
  2) Tradition is matter of much wider significance it can't be inherited and of you want it you must obtain it by grate labour.

Mathew Arnold : Thinking activity

Q: 1 write about the one idea of Mathew Arnold which you find interesting and relevant in our time. 

Answer : 'A study of poetry ' is a critical essay by Mathew Arnold.  In this he criticises upon Art of poetry and Art of Criticism. He gives definition of poetry that " Poetry is the criticism of life " . It is true that poet is critic of life and after criticising the life he became a poet .  So this thing is also relevant and true that poet is critic of life .
    He also discussed the idea of disinterested or detachment. It is interesting also relevant in our time. Mathew Arnold says about the first principle of criticism is the Disinterested and Detachment .Disinterested on the part of the critic implies freedom from all the prejudice, personal and historical. So the work of literature should be criticise or judged as the independent work rather than considering its effects on author or the reader. It should be free from all the prejudice either it historical or personal. It is very important thing for the fair judgement for the critic.

Q: 2 ) writer about one idea of Mathew Arnold which you find out of date and irrelevant in our time.

Answer :  Mathew Arnold 's idea about " Touch - Stone  Method "  is out of date and irrelevant in our time. Because it providing comparison and analysis as the two primary tools for judging individual poet by comparing with the old authors . It is not fair thing because of the time and situations are keep changing on. May be the literature written in the old times is  right according to the situation and the time of that era but now it is not appropriate to comparison with the current literature or literary writer with the old literature or writer. Because the situation is changed. You not passing judgement on the bases of comparison with others.In the other way you ignored or not give much importance to their individual talents. It is not appropriate way to give any judgement which is based on the comparison with others.