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Paper : 5 : The Romantic Literature
Prepared by : Gohil Jyotiba M.
Roll No : 15
Assignment Topic - characteristics of Romantic Poetry and illustrated from wordsworth and coleridge.
M.A (English) : Sem -2
Enrollment No: 2069108420180016
Batch : 2017-19
Email ID: jyotibagohil96@gmail.com
Submitted to : Smt .S. B Gardi , Department of English, MK Bhavnagar University.
●》characteristics of Romantic Poetry and illustrated from wordsworth and coleridge.
● Introduction :
● Romantic Poetry :
The period from 1798 to 1837 called as a Romantic Age. The poetry which written during this time known as a Romantic Poetry. In this age The Romantic movement happened in 1798 in Britain. It was reaction against the classical Poetry. This movement play a vital role into make a new way of writing the poetry which were free from classical restrictions. In this movement the most important figure were Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley, Byron , Keats.
● Characteristics of Romantic Poetry :
● Reaction against Neo - Classicism :
Romantic Poetry is different from Neo Classical Poetry. In Neo classical Poetry is based on the reason and intellectual while Romantic Poetry. Which begins in 18th century. It was reaction against set standard of poetry of classical age. According to William. J.Long :
" The Romantic movement was marked and it is always marked by a strong reaction and Protestant against the bondage of rule and custom which in science and theology as well as literature generally tend to fetter the free human spirit."
So Romantic Poetry is come after the Romantic movement and this movement become the way of new poetry which is free from classical Poetry and it's rules and regulations later on it called as " Romantic Poetry ".
● Imagination :
Imagination is main and important element of Romantic Poetry. In Classical Age there is important of Reason but in Romantic Poetry there is important of imagination. Classical writers believed in Reason but Romantics poets believe in imagination. Imagination is the main one of the main element of Romantic Poetry.
● Back from set rules :
Poetry of the Romantic is different and contrast with the Neo Classical Poetry. Neo Classical Poetry was based on the 18th century rules and regulations. There were well prepared line of composition poetry. So the Romantic Poetry breaks all the rules and regulations of Neo Classical Poetry. They set New rules that the poetry should free style without following rules and regulations. So Romantic Poetry believe in free style of expressing emotions without using or follow any rules and regulations.
● Nature :
In classical Age Poetry concerned with the clubs and coffee houses , social political life of London. So it was poetry about town life. In the Romantic Period Nature is main element of poetry. Because of Romantic Revival happened so the interst of poets was transformed from town to ruler life and from artifical decoration of rooms to the Natural beauty and loveliness of the Nature. So nature is most important element of this age. Wordsworth was a great example of Nature poet. His works were based on the physical and spiritual beauty of Nature. It shows the beauty and charm the people who could not see the beauty in wildflower, Green fields.
● Common Life :
Romantic poets were interested into talking about the lives of the common people like Shepherd and gay butterflies of fashion. They interested into the simple life of people and it is marked as poetry of Romantic Age. A feeling of humanitarism coloured the poetry of Wordsworth, Coleridge and Shelley. So the Romantic Poetry was marked as a intense of human sympathy and understanding of human heart and human behaviours.
● Love of liberty and Freedom :
Romantic Poet love library and Freedom. In the classical age the poet not get freedom in expression of their emotions. But the Romantics poets believe in Freedom and liberty. This thing also expressed through their poetry. Poetry is based on the Liberty and Freedom of individual. Romantic Poet believe in the individual freedom of expression and emotions into their poetry. So the Literary and Freedom plays vital role into publishing and writing many poems in this age.
● Predominance of Imagination and Emotions :
In the classical Poetry based on the Intellect and Reason. It is marked as a chief characteristics of classical Poetry but in Romantic Poetry reason is dominated by emotions , passion and imagination. So the Romantic Poets give more importance to imagination rather then reason and intellectual. So the imagination and Emotion is considered as a important characteristics of Romantic Poetry.
● Super Naturalism :
Supernaturalism is the main and important characteristics of Romantic Poetry. There are many poetry which is based on the Supernatural elements. Supernaturalism gives the special atmosphere to the poetry and it added extra charm , mystery and wonder. Poets like Wordsworth, Coleridge and Scott gave the sense of wondering and Mystery into poetry.
● Endless Variety :
In the Romantic Poetry there endless form of variety. There are many types of variety sees in the Romantic Poetry. This age of poetry is full of varieties in the characters and moods of different writers.
● Simplicity in Style :
The style of the Romantic Poetry is simple. Romantic Poets believe in the simplicity in their style. They followed the simplicity in their works. They not followed the artifical mode of the expression of classical Poetry. They have express thoughts in natural Diction and spontaneity way.
■ Wordsworth as a Romantic Poet :
Wordsworth was a major figure of the Romantic Poetry. He was considered as English Romantic Poet. He was also a Britain 's poet laureate. His poetry was a collection of all the Romantic characteristics and his treatment towards the Romantic elements. He stands as most important figure of Romantic Poet. There are many reasons that wordsworth considered as Romantic Poet. He was a pioneer of Romantic Movement. It was a reaction against a Classical Poetry. It was beginning in 19th century. It was begins with the publication of the "Lyrical Ballads ". There are many reasons for which proves Wordsworth as a Romantic Poet :
● Imagination :
During Romantic Age Poet uses imagination as a tool of their poetry. They emphasise more on use of imagination rather than reality. Wordsworth also uses Imagination into his poetry. There are many works of Wordsworth with is based on the use of high imagination. Many of his poems are based on the use of imaginary. He creates the sequence of pictures through his use of imagination.
"The Rainbow come and goes,
And lovely is the Rose,
The Moon doth with delight
Look round her when the heavens are bare"
● Nature :
Wordsworth considered as Nature poet because most of his poetry based on the Natural element. He saw Nature in both ways as healing power and teacher or Moral guardian. Nature considered as living personality into his poems. This thing reflect into his poem : " I wondered lonely as a cloud ". In this poem reflect the Nature. It has a extremely simple laguage . Through this shows the poet’s wandering and his discovery of a field of daffodils by a lake .the memory of which pleases him and also comforts him when he is lonely, bored, or restless.He has a emotional reaction against this Natural scene and he later remember it with a great pleasure. He uses a simple laguage with can be understood by anyone. Wordsworth describe about nature as a "never did betray the heart that loved her". So through he shows the importance of
Nature.
● Subjectivity :
Subjectivity is the main concept of the Romantic poetry. He expresses his personal thoughts, feelings through his poems. In “Ode to Intimation of Immortality” the poet expresses his personal feelings. Nature becomes the most important subject to the poet. Nature was considered as his beloved. He loved only the sensuous beauty of the Nature. He has philosophy of nature.
● Humanism:
In the Romantic Poetry the main element is Humanism. The Romantic Poet focus on The Nature of Man. Romantic Poet shows the love of Men rather than other things. Wordsworth also shows the Human nature in his poetry. His works based on the simple village folk and the peasant people connected with nature. He also uses laguage which is used by simple common people. He gives importance to common people and their language.
● His poem : I wondered lonely as a cloud :
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
This poem based on Natural element. In this poem wordsworth shows the beauty of Nature by describing Daffodils. He told how he was happy to see thousands of Daffodils. He later on remember that with pleasure. He recollecting the emotions by remembered the Beauty of Daffodils. It is also shows the simplicity of language and love for Nature.
■ S.T.Coleridge as a Romantic Poet :
Coleridge was a famous literary critic, philosopher. He was a friend of William Wordsworth He was a main founder of the Romantic Movement in England. He was also a member of the Lake Poets. His famous poems are The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Kubla Khan and also he was famous for his prose work Biographia Literaria. He was considered as a best Romantic Poet as like Wordsworth. Here many characteristics which can be seen Coleridge as the Romantic poet.
● Supernaturalism :
Supernaturalism is the famous characteristic of Coleridge 's poetry. He was famous for using super natural elements in his poems. He attempts to draw the supernatural into his poetry in a convincingly . It becomes compelled to take it for real amd natural by willingly suspending disbeliefs. This thing is created most appropriately in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. It is a good example of using Supernatural elements in poem.
● Imagination :
Coleridge considered as the most imaginative mind amongst the Romantic poets. Coleridge was good at portraying vivid imagery into his poems. He has the power to transport the audience in his magination by convincing the people to accept no-existent things as real. This is the remarkable quality which makes Coleridge to incorporate convincing people for the element of mystery. For example: in his poem Kubla khan. Into this poem he describe Kubla Khan’s palace as a effective way that it forces the reader to believe in its existence. So he has such a great imagination power which make the things real that not exist in Real world.
● Nature :
Like all the Poet of Romantic Poetry Coleridge also have Nature as a main element of his poetry. He also think like Wordsworth that Nature as a teacher. But later on he changed his view about nature. He thinks Nature as a depends on our mood and temperament. He also think that how people interpret nature. This view about the nature as dependent on mood is reflected in Dejection: An Ode.
"O Lady! We receive but what we give,
And in our life alone doth Nature live
Ours is her wedding garment, ours her shroud!"
● Humanism :
Coleridge always cared for the humanity. His love for the humanity was revealed . When he strongly supportinf the French revolution. He supported the upheaval assuming. So it would free the masses from the oppression of the dictators.Coleridge windrowed his support as the revolutionists deviated from their principles. Coleridge showed his dissatisfaction through his French: An Ode. The best example of his love for humanity is Rime of the Ancient Mariner. It is considered as a best example in which shows the elements of humanity.
● His poem : The Rime of the Ancient Mariner :
It is major poem written by Coleridge. It is about the experiences of a sailor who has returned from a long sea voyage after many times. The Mariner stops a man. Man is going to a wedding ceremony. Mariner begins to narrate a story. The wedding-guest's reaction turns from excitement to impatience.Later on they feel fear to fascination as the mariner's story progresses. In this poem Coleridge uses many narrative techniques like personification,repetition to create a sense of danger and fear , using the supernatural elements. It is also depending on the mood in different parts of the poem. So it was considered as a best poem of Coleridge which also includes the characteristics of Romantic Poet.
● Conclusion :
So the Wordsworth and Coldridge considered as a best representation of Romantic Poetry. Through their works they consider as a best poet among the Romantic poets. Their poetry including all the characteristics of Romantic Poetry. They both created a remarkable position in Romantic Poetry.
Work sited :
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantic_poetry
http://crossref-it.info/articles/361/romantic-poetry
https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/discuss-wordsworth-romantic-poet-433538
http://tanvirdhaka.blogspot.in/2013/04/coleridge-as-romantic-poet.html?m=1
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