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Paper : 8 : Cultural studies
Prepared by : Gohil Jyotiba M.
Roll No : 15
Assignment Topic : Cultural studies in practice : Frankenstein
M.A (English) : Sem -2
Enrollment No: 2069108420180016
Batch : 2017-19
Email ID: jyotibagohil96@gmail.com
Submitted to : Smt .S. B Gardi , Department of English, MK Bhavnagar University.
● Cultural studies in practice : Frankenstein
Introduction :
● Cultural Studies :
Cultural studies is an innovative interdisciplinary field of reaserch and teaching about the things and investigates the ways in which culture is creates and transforms the individual experiences , Everyday life , power and social relations. In this field is based upon teaching and reaserch and explore the Realtionship between Culture understood as human expressive and symbolic activities and culture understood as distinctive way of the life.
● Frankenstein :
Frankenstein is the Novel Written by Mary shelley. It is about science. Victor wants to create a life in dead one and he do that thing. He wants to challenge the God and his way of Creation and power. In this novel we can see many mythical aspect connected with it. Like Narcissus, Prometheus and Paradise Lost. It is about the power of youth that the power do anything so anyone has not underestimate this youth power. In this novel we see the Monstrosity and Humanity. Monster is look like Monster but he has the quality of humanity. He cares everyone around him but in Victor. We see the Monstrosity that he creates Monster for proving himself powerful. After creating Monster he left. He has lack of humanity because he can't care Monster. He left him. He thinks that he was like new born baby could not live without food , shelter and care. So he was also like baby that he can't live without it.
Victor has lust to become powerful. He has also hunger of knowledge and create life through that knowledge. It become challenging to God. So shelley wants to show the power of Men and from ugliness of Monster. It shows ugliness of Victor 's thought. So from cultural studies perspective this Novel shows that :
" A message on the Irony and Danger in Quest for power . "
The creation was made of human parts. When we see the historical context of that Era. At that time connected with allegory of Industrial revolution. Electricity was another scientific discovery of the time. The creature saw characteristics of himself. Adam and Satan both. Victor can be seen as the God who creates Adam and Eve and Satan. In the Milton Paradise Lost is connected with Frankenstein. God seen as Victor and Creature seen as Satan.
● Revolutionary Birth :
Born like it's day. He decided to create life and in this process he was many time warned by his professor not going aginst of God. He challenges the accepted ideas of its day and create a Monster. As it's has become famous in Modern Culture one wonders that whether it's original revolutionary spirit and it's critique of scientific, political and gender issues. Hardly a day goes by without our seeing an image or illusion to Frankenstein from CNN description of Saddem Hussein as an " American created Frankenstein " to Magazine articles that warn of Genetically Engineering Franken foods , test tube babies and cloning.
● The Creature as Proletarian :
Monsters like the Creatures are indeed Paradoxical. On the other hand they transgress against establishment. Monster survives he represents the defiance of death and an image of survival on the other hand we are reassures when we see that society can capture and destroy Monster.
Creature 's rebellious nature is rooted far In the past. He learn to read and speak from the De Lacy 's Family. He reads three books.
He first read " Paradise Lost ". In the Paradise Lost it is not only the eternal questions about the ways of God and Men. In Milton 's Epic poem was seen as Timothy Morton puts it as a " Seminal work of the republicanism and the sublime that inspired many Romantics."
Second He reads a Volume from the "Plutarch Lives " In the 19th century it was read as a " a Classic republicans text , admired in Elightment by such writers as Rousseau ."
Third He reads " Geothe 's The sorrow of Young weather. "
So creature 's litrary education is radical. But because of his idealistic education he become little Good. He has not able to do any change that can reform the society so it will accept him.
● Race of Devil :
Frankenstein may be analyzed in its portrayal of different “races”. Though the creature’s skin is only described as yellow, it has been constructed out of a cultural tradition of the threatening ‘other’ or giant, gypsy or Negro.
So in this novel Monster described as giant and Negro.Though the abolitionists wished to portray the black man or woman as brother or sister, they also created an image of the African as a childlike, suffering and degraded being. To turn him into slave . loose in the manhood of his physical strength, in the maturity of his physical passion but in the infancy of his uninstructed reason. According to Gayatri Chakravorty spivak this novel is as a criticism of racism.labors are not educated people and this concept we can see in the Franken novel.
● From Natural Philosophy to Cyborg :
Frankenstein novel is based on science and technology. It is also connect with today's time. Today in the age of genetic engineering, biotechnology and cloning, the most far-reaching industrialization of life forms to date. Frankenstein is more relevant than ever.During the Romantic Period development of science increasing critical to the society. In this novel Mary shelley shows the demonstration on the public of the effect of electricity on animal and human bodies and living and dead. Today we are constantly confronted with the new development of science and new philosophical conundrums that result from the genetic engineering, cloning and the prolongation of life by the artifical means.
● Frankenpheme in Popular culture :
Frankenpheme is the term used by Timothy Morton. It drawn from phonemes and graphemes. Phonemes means the sonic elements of language as used in the structural linguistics and Graphemes means visual elements. So the elements of culture that are drived from Frankenstein. Frankenphemes are appeared in popular fiction , drama , film and television.
● Fiction :
Frankenstein is a famous novel which is based on the science and Fiction.Peter Haining, editor of the indispensable Frankenstein omnibus has called Frankenstein “the single greatest horror story novel ever written and the most widely influential in its genre”. The French author Villiers de L'Isle wrote " The future Eve ". It is first story about the female Monster in 188. Novelette not translated into English until fifty years later, in which an American inventor modes on Thomas Edison makes an artificial woman for his friend. Jack London’s early story, “A thousand Deaths” (189), is a gruesome science fiction tale of a scientist who stays at sea on his laboratory ship, repeatedly killing then reviving his son, until the son has enough and kills his father. Frankenstein also inspired the set of the tales published in Home Brew Magazine it also called as " The Reanimator ".
● Frankenstein on the stage :
From his debut on the stage, the creature has generally been made more horrified and victor has been assigned less blame. Most stage and screen versions are quite melodramatic, tending to eliminate minor characters and the entire frame structure in order to focus upon murder and Mayhem. Dramatist would not want to try for all of the complexities of the novel. In stage versions only a few key scenes, the creation of the creature, Bridal night and the destruction of the creature are used. So in the stage there are limitation in performing the things. There are limited scens which are shown many times on the stages.
The Fate of Frenenstein was by Richards Brinsley. It was performed at the English Opera house in the London in 1823 in the summer time. Mary shelley also herself attended the play and told it authentic.
In the modern times Frankenstein divided into many parts. Frankenstein and his Bride was performed in 1950 at a club called as a Strip City in Los Angeles. In this play also includes many songs like " Oh , what a beautiful Mourning" and " Ghoul of My Dreams ".
● Film Adaptation :
Frankenstein is the most famous novel and also it is most relevant in the time. It is also seen as a form of film. It has many new version and view point.
In the “Frankenstein omnibus” readers can study the screenplay for the 1931 James whale film “Frankenstein” the most famous of all adaptations. Frankenstein was loosely based on the novel with the addition of new elements, including the placing of a criminal brain into the monster’s body.
Thomas Edison in 1910 a one however produced the first film version of “Frankenstein” reel tinted silent. Early German films that were heavily influenced by this “Frankenstein” were the cabinet of Dr.Caligari in 1920 The golem In 1920 and Metropolis in 1927. In whale’s “Bride of Frankenstein” (1935) there is a return to the frame structure but this time we begin with Mary Shelley discussing her novel with P.B.Shelley. She is played by Elsa Lanchester who also plays the female creature with her during black eyes an queen this one tends toward comedy, parody and satire rather than pure horror.
So there are many new adaption into the film and in the modern time. There are many new point of view in which based on the version of Frenenstein Novel is made.
In the Bride of Frankenstein is based on te creature. Creature is more innocent victim. So there are many version of the novel but Kennath Branagh ' s film in 1994 "Mary shelley's Frankenstein" is most true to the novel. So in this film Kenneth Brenagh trys to stick with Mary shelley 's plot.
● Books :
Mary shelley 's novel Frankenstein and it's various adaptation has been going strong for almost 200 years. Numberous poems , books , stories have taken the ideas of' science gone wrong 'and twisted it to Modern parables. The subtitle of Frankenstein is Modern Prometheus. It connected with Prometheus. He gave fire to Greek Gods to human and was rewarded by having his liver plucked out his body every day by a giant bird. So the intended message is that people should not supposed to tamper with the natural order be it fire or Reanimating the dead.
● Conclusion :
In the Popular Culture Frankenstein has been adapted into numerous movies , stories, theatre productions and songs. So in the popular culture took creation and adapted it to the best Modern interpretation of demonise creature. It's interesting to study with the purpose of Cultural Facts.
Work sited :
A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature
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