Sunday Reading : Chimamanda Ngozi Adiche

Sunday Reading : Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

Chimamanda Ngozi Adiche is  born on 15th September 1977.  She is a Nigerian Novelist and writer of short stories and non fiction.

● Her novels are :

 Purple Hibiscus  ( 2003),Half of a yellow sun ( 2006), Americanah  ( 2013)

● Shorts stories :

 The Thing around your neck

● Book length essay :

 We should all be feminist( 2014 ) 

She is also an excellent speaker. Listening her is an amazing experience. There are  three most popular talks of her.

1)  The Danger of a single story

2) We should all be feminist

3) Talk on importance of truth in post truth Era.

She is a story teller. At the age of 4 she started reading. She reads British and American children books. So she is a early reader. She begin to write at age of 7.

1) The Danger of a single story :

In this video she talks about the danger of single story. How the single story of any country or person leads towards critical misunderstanding. 

●The characters of her stories are white blue eyes. She wrote exactly the kinds of stories she was reading. Her characters were played in snow and talking about weather and ate apples. So this things despite the fact that she lived in Nigeria. They didn't have snow and they ate mangoes not apple. They never talked about weather. She read the books in which the characters were foreign so she become convinced that books by them in  Nature had to have a foreign in them .

● Things changes when she discovered African books. It shift in her perception of literature. She realise that the people like her ( Nigerian ) also exist in the literature.

● Discovery of African writing saving her from having single story of books.

She also talked about her new house boy Fide. She listen from her mother that his family was very poor. But one day she went to his village to visit. His mother shows a beautiful basket made by his brother. She never think that anyone of them could make something. So it become impossible for her to see them as anything else but poor. So their poverty become single story for her.

●  Later on she talked about her roomate  that she got surprised to listen her very good English later on she asked her that where she had learned to speak English so well. So when she said from Nigeria at that time she didn't believed but later on she apologised for her behaviour. So  that  American girl  had a single story of Africa. In this story there was no possibility of Africans being similar to her. No possibility of  connection as human equality.

● single story of Africa comes from western literature as place of beautiful landscape, fighting senseless war , dying of poverty and AIDS , unable to speak for themselves and waiting to be saved by kind white foreigner. So these all considered as African authenticity in literature or work. She wrote her research work in this her professor told that her characters were like too  much like him an educated middle class man , not striving.  So there for it had not authentically African.

● single  story created show a people one thing as only one thing , over and over again and that was they become.

● power structure of world like political and economical world create single stories.

● In stories it is important how they are told,  who tells them , when they are told , how many stories are told , are they really dependent on power.

● " Power is ability not just to tell the story of another person but make it the definitive story of that person."

● single story creates stereotype the problem with that is not untrue but they were incomplete.

● The consequences of single story is it robs people of dignity. It makes our recognition of equally humanity difficult.

● It emphasis how we are different rather than how we are similar.

● Importance of stories :

 It have been used to dispossessed. It can be also used to empowerment and humanise.  Sometime it breaks the dignity of people but it has also power to repair that broken dignity.

2) We should all be feminist :

● Feminist word connected in negative sense of hate man.

● Childhood experience :  she wanted to be class monitor but teacher denied and told her that monitor had to be boy not girl. So the the boy who had second highest score in test became monitor. But boy have no any interest in patrolling the class while she had full of ambition  to be monitor. But because he was male so he became class monitor.

● she share an experience in which she and her male friend Lui going outside.  She saw a man helping others in park their car. So she impressed by him and decided to gave him a tip. She gave her money which she had earn. He took that money and thanking Lui her male friend. 

● person think that money comes from only male. Because most powerful position occupied by man 

● Doing injustice with women  paying her less money than men. 

● We live vastly different world where there is no importance of physical strong person but importance of  intelligence, creative and innovative person. 

● planned about different world fair world. A world of happier men and women true to themselves. 

● put the boys inside the cage to teach boy afraid of fear and weakness , teach to be true to themselves .

● we teach girls to compromise by giving up their job and desire , shrink themselves smaller than boy , afraid to be more successful than men , importance of marriage, give respect to relation and marriage ,  covering herself fully. 

  Because of these things girl feels shame and guilty to be  born as female. So girl have to be grow up to be women. 

● Problem with gender is it prescribes how we should be rather than recognise how we are.

● weight of gender expectations 

● socialisation of gender roles 

● Give importance to  focus  on ability rather than gender and focus on interest instead of gender. 

● Virginity is more important for girls rather than boys. 

●Caring child is responsibility of both man and woman. 

● Female Should not be apologise to be female .

● Feminist is a person who believes in social , political and economical equality of the sexes. 

● Feminist is a man or woman who says yes there is a problem with gender as it is today we must fixed it we do better.

3) Talk on importance of truth in post truth Era : 

● Lie in politics consider as appropriate in America. 

● Courage to embrace the truth 

● Telling truth not because it always work out but you sleep well at night. 

● There is nothing beautiful than to wake up everyday holding in your hand full measure of your integrity. 

● Bending  towards truth and to air on the side of truth. 

● Not stop self to telling truth 

● In politics telling truth will be courageous act. 

● Never silence your self out of fear that the truth you speak might provoke. 

● Listen to the other side at least the reasonable other side. 

●Recognise  those things get the way to telling truth like empty cleverness, morality bankrupt irony , desire to pleasure , tendency to confused. 

● Learn to say don't know. Take courage to accept things you don't know. 

● Be courageous accept that life is messy. Your life is not always perfectly match with your ideology. 

● keep on trying. If it doesn't work out try something else. 

● Importance of self doubt and self belief. 

Remedial Task : Vocabulary Drill

Vocabulary Drill : Five words from Jyotiba Gohil

ELT Task : Ideal Student and Ideal Teacher

ELT Task : Write about Ideal student and Ideal Teacher : -

Students and Teachers are the most important part of Education system. It is like a coin which has two different sides so teachers and students are the two  sides of Education system. As without students teachers has no important same  like without Teachers students can not learn and understand the things. Both  played a vital role in reformation of the society.  An Ideal Teacher inspired students to be like him / her. like this An ideal student also make teacher to feel proud. Teacher played very important role in shaping the future of the students.  

● Quality of Ideal  Teacher :

1) Dedicated and passionate :

A teacher should dedicated and passionate. A Teacher has his / her own love for learning and inspiring students with his / her passion for education. Teacher constantly renews himself / herself and quest to provide  students with the highest quality of education. Teacher should dedicated and passionate towards work. In any difficult situation teacher  continues his / her work. He / she detached his  / her self and focuses on the  work.

2) Life Long Learner :

Teacher should be Life long learner. He /she should no fear  of learning new techniques and new teaching methods or incorporating technology into lessons. Teacher constantly renews him or her self.

3) Open Minded :

Teacher should be open minded. It helps a teacher to go with the flow. For the teacher each and every students ideas and opinions are valued. Teacher creates a welcoming learning environment for all students. He or she listen all the ideas and willing to try the new things with positive attitude. Open minded teacher supports the students ideas though he / she doesn't agree.

4) Integrity :

This quality is must have in the teacher. It is important because it helps one to do the right things even no body notice or looking. Teacher should follow the rules and regulations of institute. It is very important to not lie to the students and give them respect and behave with them very kindly. They should be quick pick out someone who is fake behaving with them.

5) Flexibility :

Flexibility is important part for teacher. Every teacher should this quality in his/ her self. Flexibility comes when his / her original plan not working or teaching method is not understand by every students so it has to be  changed.

6) Connecting the current situation with Education :

Teacher should be up to date with the current situation. He / She should be able to connect the current situation with the lesson. So it helps students to be upto date with current situation. It provide  students to get  knowledge apart from their Education.

7) Impartiality :

For teacher all the students should be same. Their should not be partiality between students.  For teacher each and every student should be important. He /She should not doing partiality by giving notes and IMP to his / her favourite students.  For teacher every students growth is important. So teacher should teach students with impartially. 

8) Guide :

Teacher should be guide their students in difficult situation. He /She should take time out of their way from too busy schedules for anyone who needs his / her help. So teacher should helping their students whenever they need them. Teacher should give them some points from which they can understand the things.

9) Appreciate :

Teacher should be appreciate the things which is done by students. Teacher should giving them feedback and appreciate the hard work done by students. It gives motivation to the students to do the things more enthusiastically. So the appreciation played a vital role in students growth. It make students more active and confidence.

● Qualities of Students :

1) Hard working :

Student should be hard working. Without hard working student can't achieve his / her goal . If he / she doesn't understand things so by hard work he/she  can understand. If students is weak in any subject so by doing hardworking on that student can improve him /her self. So hard work is the key of success.

2) Obedient and discipline :

Student should be obedient. Student should follow the advice and instructions given by their teachers. Student Should do each and every task given by teacher with dedication.Student should respect his / her teacher and parents. She / He should respect the teacher but not afraid of them.

3) curiosity and desire to learn new things :

curiosity helps students to learn new things. Students should have desire to learn things apart from their study. It increases the knowledge of students. Student get experience by learning new things.

4) Attentive and punctual :

Student should attentive and punctual both. He / she goes to collage or school in the time. Student should attend classes regularly. Do his / her work in given time. Attend the classes very sincerely and regularly. He /she should do revision or Homework regularly.

     There are many qualities that students should have helping Nature. He / She should help average students in improving their skills. He / She should sharing his / her study materials with other classmates. He / She  should encourage other students to perform well in studies.  If student have interest in other activities apart from studies so he / she should keep balance between both the things. Student should have hopeful aspect in everything. In the difficult situation student should never loose his / her hope. 

Review of the film : Lagaan

 Review of the film : " Lagaan "

15th August, On the occasion of the Independence Day. In the Department of English we have a film screening of "Lagaan". we watched this movie not as for Entertainment but we try to look and understand deeply the Metaphors and Structure of  the film. This Film can be Interpreted in many ways. This Film breaks all Matanarratives. This film has same structure as all other Films.

   This  film can be interpreted and analysis in many ways like :

● Post colonialism

● Indianness

● Patriarchy

● Religion

● Nationalism

● Cricket as Metaphor

● Subaltern

● Rural India

● Feminism

● Teamwork and Leadership
● Goodness of Britishers
● Comparison of Lakha and Elizabeth
● Language
● Dance style

   

● Plot : 

Plot of the film is based on Religion context. It is based on Radha , Krishna and Rukmani. So here Radha compared with Elizabeth, Krishna compared with Bhuvan and Rukmani compared with Gauri. But here Bhuvan never fall in love with Elizabeth. He only loves Gauri. So Here is  slight diffence between Krishna and Bhuvan. Elizabeth loves Bhuvan and decide to not marry anyone. Elizabeth is like Radha.So the Base of the film is Religion. 

1) Rural India :

The Base of the film is the problems of the rural people.This film based on life  of Village people. It is the story of the farmers who facing many problems due to less rain.They Manipulate by the Britishers and the king of Chapaner. Even in the last many years rain is  not coming though they have to pay double text. It shows the condition of the lower cast people. They are badly treated by the Britishers. No one cares about their condition and problems. 

2) Indianness :

Indianness is  the force which gives strength to the village people. In the film there are many things happens through which we find the Indianness in the film.

● Yoga : 

 Yoga is the symbol of Indianness. In this film shows Bhuvan and other Cricket team members doing yoga for the fitness of their health.

● Temple Bell : 

when the ball hits to Bell of Temple it significe the agreement of the God to play the game. It is also the symbol of hope. 

●  Castism :

In the film shows Castism. The character of Kachara who consider as Untouchable.  No body wants that he play the game. Everyone insults him because he belongs to the lower cast. But later on Bhuvan trys to give the example from Ramayana. He tells about Rama and Shabri. so later on Kachara playing the cricket. He played an important role to win the game.

3) Religion :

Religion is the main force who leads the plots forward. it is the powerful force and played very important role in the film.

● Food : 

King denied to eat meat because he is vegetarian. because of denied to eat meat British Soldier tells him to pay double text.

● Religion Based on Fear : 

   Film focused on the Radha krishna. Whenever villager feeling hopeless they pray to the God. psychology of Religion says that Religion is based on the fear whenever people feel fear and hopeless he / she starting pray to God. so like this when Village people feel fear of loss from Britishers they staring prayer to God.

● Oneness in Religion : 

The film is free from Religious conflict. In this film shows Oneness of Religion. In the village there are many Religion's people like  Muslim , Shikh and Hindu. They all live happly with each other.

● Myths : 

Religion plays important role to change the mindset of people towards Kachara. Myths plays important role to change the mindset of people.  Bhuvan  gives example of Shabri and Lord Rama and trys to make understand others to accept Kachara. So Bhuvan used the myth of Ramayana.

4) Team Work and Leadership :

Be a leader is not an easy task you have to gone through many problems. No body accept your point of view to looking the things. Leader has always different view to look the things. He has optimist way to see the things. So same things happens with Bhuvan ( Amir Khan ). Bhuvan looks things differently. He thinks that victory in the cricket match leads his village people towards bright future. But nobody understands his point. He facing many problems and humiliation during making the Cricket team but he never takes his steps back.

Qualities of Leader : 

•Honesty and Integrity

•Confidence 

•Inspire others 

•Commitment and Passion 

•Positive attitude 

•Creativity 

•Inspire others

•Empathy 

So these are the Quality of the leader. Bhuvan has all these Qualities. Heis  honest. He take the decision to play cricket not for only himself but for all villagers. He has also confidence that they can play the cricket and win the match. He also trys to inspire others villagers to play cricket. He wants to win the match. He has passion  to win the match. He has positive attitude. He also trys to looking things positively. He thinks that if they can win the match they should not pay text for three years. He also inspire many people to play the games. He not loose his hope during humiliated by villagers. He trys to involve others villagers.

He has also quality of Empathy.

● Teamwork : 

In the cricket team all the players have their own Qualities. All are different from each other. All have  their own way to play cricket. But though they all have their own ways they played  together. They encourage each other. Because of the teamwork Bhuvan and his team become successful to win the Cricket match.

5) Post Colonialism : 

The Film is based on Post colonialism. In the film Britishers ruled over Chapaner. The king of Chapaner doesn't speak anything. King also forced by British solder Captain Russell to eat the meat and when king denied he tells him to pay double text. So king is normally is the symbol of strength and power. But here he is under the Britishers.

   Village people are forced to play the Cricket by Britishers. So they have not option in except to play the game. Britishers forced to play cricket because they have mastery in the cricket and they think that these village people can't win.

   The character of Elizabeth who is British. she helps villagers to play the game. it shows post colonialism. Village people wins the match with the help of British lady. If Elizabeth not teaches villagers about cricket it becomes difficult for them to win the match.

6) Metaphor of Cricket : 

Cricket is the Metaphor of Post colonialism. In this film it also seen as the symbol of fear and freedom. All the villagers don't know how to play the cricket. if they loose in the match they have to pay three times more text. but it is also symbol of hope and freedom. if they win the match they should not pay text for three years so they have bright future ahead.  Cricket is normality metaphor of  post colonialism because to get the freedom they  have to play cricket which is not known by any Villagers. But villagers defeat Britishers in their own Game .

7 ) Patriarchy: 

In the film shows the patriarchal power.  In the whole film shows that only  males can play the cricket. Females not get any importance  in the game.

when Gauri wants to play the cricket her father told her to check that water is boiling or not. so she has no any freedom to play cricket. so Indian women have to do household works only. In the other side  Queen Elizabeth ruled over England. It shows that women power. In film also Elizabeth teaching all Males how to play the cricket. so with the help of the Elizabeth they can understand the Game. So in this way in some  ways Women empowerment shows in the film.

8) Subaltern : 

Subaltern means  someone with a low ranking in a social, political, or other hierarchy. It can also mean someone who has been marginalized or oppressed. In the film King is Subaltern under Britishers. Villagers Subaltern under Britishers and King of Chapaner. Kachara is Subaltern under the high cast people of village. women is Subaltern under men. so this way Subaltern seen in every social form in society.

9) Comparison of Lakha and Elizabeth : 

Lakha and Elizabeth has same thing that they both has break their loyalty. Lakha going against his village people. Elizabeth going against her brother. Both have different intention.

Elizabeth helps villagers because she thinks that her brother doing injustice with villagers. so she decide to help them. she has Good intentions.On the other side Lakha has bad intention. He wants that Bhuvan humiliated by villagers. Lakha loves Gauri but Gauri loves Bhuvan so for getting her love. He trys to humiliated Bhuvan.So He takes the side of the  Britishers.

10) Good side of Britisher : 

● Fair play : Honest Umpire 

In the film also shows Good side of Britishers.  They appointed Honest Umpire. It  shows the fair justice towards villagers. Britishers can wining the match but because of Umpire declares no boll so because of it villagers can win the match. it shows the fair play of Britishers who appointed honest Umpire.

● Appreciate Both team : 

During the match Britishers appreciate both the team. They not attached with their team. They critically observe the match. They not take personally the things.

● Elizabeth: 

Elizabeth helps the Village people to understand and learn the Cricket . She going against her own Brother. She thinks that her brother doing injustice with village people. So it shows the good side of Elizabeth because his intentions are good. She helps the villager to learn the game.

11) Dance Style : 

In the film we can see two different styles of Dance. Villagers dance is free from any rules. They can dance the way they likes. They can freely dance.

On the other side Britishers have their own style. They have appropriate manner in dance. They can not freely dance the way they like.They have to follow particular manner and attitude while dancing.

12) Language : 

        In the film English consider as high class language because it only used by Britishers and King. Lower class people don't understand this language. On the other side Hindi language is not only used by villagers but it also used by some British people. Barrier of language feels when Elizabeth wants to tells Bhuvan that she loves him. but she can't tell because she doesn't know how to translate it into Hindi.  Bhuvan and other village people don't understand English during Elizabeth is explaining  about the  cricket. So everyone suffering from not knowing the other language.

So the film has these different perspective. It helps to look the same thing with the different ways. This thing comes from deeper thinking and deeper understanding.  It helps to understand the things which shown in the film. 

Watch the Movie Click Here : 

Thinking activity : Oneness of Literature

Thinking Activity : Oneness of Literature

Northop Frye 's theory of Archetypal criticism is based on the idea that whole of literature has oneness.

Literature is the most important part of our life. It is like a Tree. It has many branches but they all connected with each other and it has a same root.  So like this in literature it has many different subjects but all are connected with each other. Also it is like same skeleton with different body. So all has the same root and all are connected with each other. New literature takes few things from the past literature.

       According to T. S. Eliot ' s essay Tradition and Individual talent :

   
                     
"The  Historical sense involves a perception not only of the pastness of past but of its presence. "      

It means that not follow the pastness of the past but follow the present of past.It helps to make better present with the help of good things of past and learn from bad or Negative things. It should  not repeat in the present.

Oneness of literature :

Oneness of literature with reference of Wasteland by T. S. Eliot and joke short story by Anton Chekhov.

The Wasteland by T.S. Eliot :

And when we were children, staying at the archduke's,

My cousin's, he took me out on a sled,

And I was frightened. He said, Marie,

Marie, hold on tight. And down we went.

In the mountains, there you feel free.

  These are the lines from Wasteland. In this lines Marie feels Nostalgic. She is frightend to going over the mountain on the sled. During this time one male person who is her cousin tells her to hold her tight. So he take advantage of Marie fear and tells her to hold him tightly. So in this lines shows the sexual perversion. Also it shows that the girl is not free because of her fear. When they go down she feels  fearless and ultimately she feeling free. So without her cousin she can't go down alone. So we can see the spiritual degradation and sexual perversion and lust in this lines. 

A Joke by Anton Chekhov : 

This story has a same theme and character only the name is changed here the girl name is Nadiya not Marine. But it has also a same theme of sexual perversion. In this story Nadiya feels fear to go down over mountain on the sled. At that time her friend coming with her. He trys to joke with her when they going down at the middle he tells her  words that :  I Love you Nadia ". So by hearing these word she feels strange. She can't believe that whether it is real or illusion. She goes many times with her friend for confirmation about this words. At every time her friend tells her this words for him it is just a joke not anything else. But Nadiya is connecting with these words. She can't decide that whether air or her friend speeking this words. So for deciding that once she goes alone for costing. At that time she is so much frightend that she can't feeling anything. She thinks that it happens because she is frightend at that time. She can't forgot that experience during her life.

Sexual perversion :

In the both Wasteland and A joke we find sexual perversion.

And I was frightened. He said, Marie,

Marie, hold on tight. And down we went.

In the lines of Wasteland is suggested how the boy is lustful. He takes advantage of Marie 's fear and tells her to hold her tightly.

That memory is for her the happiest, the most touching, the most beautiful one of her life.

But as for me, now that I have grown older, I can no longer understand why I said those words and why I jested with Nadia.

In these lines for Nadiya the words spoken by her friend become her source of happiness. For her it is the most beautiful experience in her life. But for the boy these words are meaningless. For him it is a joke and the way of fulfill his lust by spoken this words that " I love you Nadiya ".  But now he grown older and his lust fulfill already so now for him it is like a silly joke.  So these things show the sexual perversion and lustful nature in both the lines of both works. 

Feminist perspective : 

In the both stories  female portrays like weak person. Who can't do anything alone. Both Marie and Nadiya needs man for costing. They feel fear and this fear Become a way for both male character to fulfill their lust.  

   In A joke for Nadiya the four magical words become her reason of happiness but for her friend it is just a time pass or a joke to make himself happy.  Here in both stories female shows a weak  and tool of Man hands just like puppet. Everytime they both needs Man. Without man they  can't do anything. Both male character take advantage of both the girls fear.

Nature: 

In the both story Nature is the way of connecting them. In both story description about Mountain , snow and air. So Nature is the basic theme of both stories.


These way we can see the oneness of literature. There are the themes like sexual perversion and lust which remain forever in any work. From Eliot to Chekhov time it becomes a center of the story.  So this way it remaining forever.

Translation of the story :

"A joke" by Anton Chekhov is translated in Gujrati language. It is published in the Gujrat Samachar Newspaper. The title of this story is " Nankdi Majak". Because it translated into Gujrati. This story has lost its charm. Also in the Gujrati story few lines are not translated :


(We coasted down for the third time and I saw her watching my face and following the movements of my lips with her eyes. But I put my handkerchief to my mouth and coughed, and when we were half-way down) ( A joke )

So the translation of any work lost its  original  charm after translation. The same thing happens here.  writer has not translated well also  the few words lost their charm after the  translation. 

Thinking activity : Robert Frost 's " Design "

Thinking activity : Comparison and interpretation two different pictures on the basis of the poem " Design " By Robert Frost. 

Design is a fourteen line sonnet. It is also called an Italian sonnet also known as a Petrarchan Sonnet. This kind of Sonnet is composed of two stanzas. The first eight lines make up one stanza while the second stanza is six lines. 

Two Different pictures interpretation : 

1) Nature : 

                  

 This is the picture of Nature which is far away from reality.  This picture is called a design of nature because everything has drown in particular shape. For example the mountains are in shape of triangle , sun is in the round shape also the trees and house drows  in particular shape. So all this thing design and that way it drows. Also this picture filled with so much positivity. It shows the positive nature of Nature. It is far away from reality. It is also design of life. Nature seen here as a life giver.

2) Design by Robert Frost : 

This picture is make on the poem "Design ". It shows the  reality of Nature. It is based on the everyday observation of spider on white flower holding up a dead moth. The back ground of white flower called a heal all.  

      

Frost description is filled with gothic imagery including the fact that all three elements the spider , flower and moth are white. White usually stands for something virtuous and pure but here it describes as not purity but deadly pallor. It is story of moth death. It is not design of life but death. 

   

White spider suggest that even within evil there is goodness and purity. While the moth represents the spider 's prey. Medicinal flower the heal all suggest that life  is full of both good and evil. Moth and spider become the symbol of humanity. They both are product of natural forces not spiritual design. Spider holds dead moth is also a part of natural food chain. It is also a reality of life that life and death is a part of Nature. 

  On the other hand it is not a natural that on white flower the white spider holds the white moth. So all this thing is rarely found. It is strange thing that all this things seeing  at one place. So it may be the design of creator to put these things  all together. It also like a artificial design that it happens  forcefully. 

Also this poem shows the reality of Nature. Poet described the negative side of nature. Here moth shown as a hero and spider shows as a villian. The image becomes horrified and ugly. It is design of Death. Design of Darkness. 

Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening by Robert Frost

●  Stopping by woods on a snowy Evening: 

   "Stopping by woods on a snowy Evening " is a poem written in 1922 by Robert Frost. It published in 1923. Imagery, personification and repetition are prominent in the work.

 The poem tells the story of a man travelling through some snowy woods on the darkest evening of the year. He is pretty much in love with what he sees around him. He is on his way back to town but he can't quite tear himself away from the lovely and dark woods.

 There are many interpretation comes when we read the poem. Some argue that it is simply a description of a man appreciate of a man appreciating nature. Others would tell that there is some heavy Metaphor action going down and that the poem is about death. Also it takes a step further and that this poem address suicide. There are four stanzas in the poem.

                      

 In the first stanza start with a  possessive pronoun. It is a brave and unusual things. The poet thinks that he knows who owns the wood. The first uncertainty is introduced and he is making his first statement to reassure himself as he comes to stop breaking his journey. In the further lines creating the gentle , slightly and mysterious atmosphere. Yet the image presented to the reader is as innocent. The  poet is far away from human world and comes into the natural world.

  In the second stanza concentrates on the  horse 's reaction to the rider. Again the tetrameter reassures and lulls the reader into false sense of security. The language is simple yet the meaning can be taken in two ways. Queer is the word that mean odd or strange. The Frozen lake is the symbol of Death. Darkest evening is the symbol of depression. 

 In the third stanza Horse is notice the intention  of his master. Horse thinks that they should move on.  The horse is uncertain it's shakes the bells on the harness. Harness is the symbol of intellectual.  It reminding the rider that this whole business stopping by woods is a tad disturbing. The creature like a horse symbol of intuition , noble , journey, grace and sacrifice to focus the rider 's mind on reality. They ought to be moving ahead , there is something  about the way that worries the  horse apart from cold and dark. They heard the sound of wind and downy flake. 

 In the fourth stanza Narrator finds the woods to be lovely and beautiful.  Here is paradox of language in words that woods are lovely , dark and deep. Dark and deep not matched with each other. it is dark and deep yet very attracting. He wants to stay there forever looking at how the snow flakes fall on the woods. But he can't do what he desires to do. He has many responsibilities to fulfill. He had made promise to someone seems his family members. It is his obligation to fulfill those promises. 

  This shows that he is very far off from his house and it's important to move and reach his house before it gets too late. The Narrator says that he have to travel many miles to reach his destination before he sleeps.  Sleep here denotes that before he get tired off traveling,  tired off physical tiredness or the deep meaning if sleep may be that before he retires to death there are lots of responsibilities he has to undertakemake. 

 The gist of the poem seems to be that the poet is deeply sad and deserted. He seems to have failed in his endeavour and still have much more responsibility in his life towards himself and his family. He knows that he has a long way to go and the time with him is less.