S.T Coleridge 's Biographia literaria

1) write in your words the difference between poem and prose.

Answer:- The poem contains the same elements as a prose composition. But the difference between combination of those elements and objects .

• Definition of poem:
       ' It is a written in the format of rhymes and rhythm si.and also has some imagination.'
 
Definition of prose :-
   
         ' It is written or spoken language in its ordinary form without metrical structure'
 
• Difference between poem and prose:
 
• Metre and rhyme or both is used in a poem But they are not use in prose composition.

• Immediate purpose of poem is the communication of  'Pleasure'. But the immediate purpose of prose is the communication of  ' Truth'.

• Meter  and rhyme etc are use in poem but they are not use in prose.

• If Meter  is used it can be poem but a poem can not please us if there is not organic unity . so main aim of poem is to give pleasure .

2) write in your words the difference between poem and poetry.

Answer:

•Definition of poetry:

         "Poetry is a type of literature based on the interplay of words and rhythm. It often employs rhyme and meter . In poetry words are strung together to form of sounds , images and ideas that might be to complex to describe directly. "

Difference between poem and poetry:

• In the poetry metre is very useful and necessary for writing poetry. We can say that with the help of metre and rhyme it becomes easy to memorise.

• poetry is a activity poet 's mind .but poem is a one of the form of its imagination.

• Imagination is  the soul of poetry .it is living power.

• poetry is the secondary imagination of poet 's mind .it has wider categories than poem.

• In poetry there are importance of esthetic sense , modifies the images and thoughts and powerful imaginations of poet 's mind . so this all the main elements of poetry.

 But we can't make clear difference between poem and poetry. But we can say that 'Poetry' is all kind of imaginative activity. So only this is make difference between poem and poetry.

John Dryden's " Essay of Dramatic poesy"

John Dryden 's " Essay of Dramatic Poesy" : 

1) Do you any difference between Aristotle's definition of Tragedy and Dryden's definition of play ?

Ans :- Yes , there is a difference between Aristotle's definition of tragedy and Dryden's definition of play.

     •Aristotle's definition of tragedy:

    “A tragedy is the imitation of an action that is serious and also, as having magnitude, complete in itself; in appropriate and pleasurable language;... in a dramatic rather than narrative form; with incidents arousing pity and fear, wherewith to accomplish a catharsis of these emotions.”

      • Dryden's definition of play:

     " A Just and lively image of human nature,representing its passions and humors and the changes of fortune to which it is subject, for the delight and instruction of Mankind."

       So there is a difference in both definition in Dryden's definition he uses the word ' Just ' and ' lively.so both are most important word .

       In Aristotle's definition of tragedy it ended with therapeutic word ' catharsis'. Where as Dryden ending his definition with ' delight' and ' instruction of Mankind'. He puts equal emphasis on delight and instruction.

       Dryden's definition coming closer to that one of the jobs of poet does is to represent life as it is. Representing its passion and humors and they are not static. They keep on changing so at that sense it is quite significant touch of realism by Dryden. So these things make difference between Aristotle and Dryden's definition.

2) If you are supposed to give your personal predilection, would you be on the side of the Ancient or the Modern? Please give reasons.

Ans: I think both are equal important in development of play Ancient as well as Modern. Ancient established three unities, dramatic rules and regulation. Dramatic rules were spelled out by Aristotle. Which is still important and following by others. So they make their own way in development of literature and plays .

       Moderns are also important because they bring out good things from Ancients and also added new things and forms in it. 

'They exceed the ancient because of having learned and profited from their example.'

        So they have richness , variety and livelyness to the play. They make plays lively, delightful and pleasant. So both are equal important for the development of play.

3) Do you think that the arguments presented in favor of the French plays and against English plays are appropriate?

Ans :- No I think the arguments presented in favour of the French plays and against English plays are not appropriate. Because French following Ancient rules and regulations. Like they believe that death should be not present on the stage it should only narration. They following time ,place and action. While unity of time suggested that all the action should be portrayed in single day. The setting should be same from begging to end with the same scene .

         The English plays have all kind of places , even far off countries ,shown with the single day. The third unity of action requires that the play " aim at one great and complete action" . But English have all kinds of sub- plots .

• The French plays may be more regular but they are not lively not so pleasant and delightful as that of English. For example: Shakespeare's plays which are more lively and just image of human nature like Othello and Hamlet.

• There is no harm in introducing sub - plots. They have variety, richness and lively ness in to the play. In this way the writer can present just and lively picture than the French with their narrow and cramped plays.

• English plays believe in realistic.  and we can see the realistic representation in their play.

4) what would be your preference so far as poetic or prosaic dialogues are concerned in the play?

Ans - I think both are equal important in the play. Prosaic dialogue helps in understanding the play easily but poetic dialogue is like 'sugar courted ornament'. Which added sweetness in the play. It gives pleasure and delight. When we are using only prosaic dialogue it is helps in understanding to the people but some time it felt boring also. So when we use little bit poetic dialogues it gives pleasure and delight.When we use only poetic dialogues it become sometimes difficult to understand.

         So mixture of both dialogue makes play successful to understand and also gives pleasure and delight to readers.

Kenneth Branagh ' s Hamlet

Kenneth Branagh 'S Hamlet : 

• How faithful is the movie to the original play ?

Ans : Hamlet the movie directed by Kenneth Branagh is faithful in the language but not visual faithful. In the movie setting was during Victorian era the rich setting, costume of every character is good. so it is different at that way only. The dialogue delivery and expression are good. Movie is most same as original play. It covers all dialogues which in the play.

• After watching the movie have your perception about play, character or situations changed?

Ans : After watching the movie of Hamlet directed by Kenneth Branagh. It was very well directed by him. At the way he shows the name of movie was very remarkable and unique. The name of movie is on the pillar of castle. The characters expression and the way they speaks is good specially the character of Hamlet the way he changed his expression. It was very difficult thing.

• Do you feel 'aesthetic delight' while watching the movie ? If yes, exactly when did it happen ? If No, can you explain with reasons?

Ans : Yes , I feel ' aesthetic delight' during the conversation between Hamlet and polonius. Also the flashback scene of Hamlet and Ophelia's love and Hamlet remembering his memory and love of his father.

• Do you feel 'catharsis' while or after watching movie ? If yes, exactly when did it happen? If No , can you explain with reasons?

Ans: Yes , I feel 'catharsis' while Ophelia becomes mad. She was became a puppet of her father and king Claudius. She was not trust Hamlet and his love because of that she get confused. She become mad at that time.when needs Hamlet and he was not there as moral support. No one can understanding her situation and after these she dies. So with this thing love of Ophelia and Hamlet got tragic end.

• Does screening of movie help you in better understanding of the play?

                     

Ans : Yes , screening of the movie helps me to get better understanding of the play. Because when we reading play at that time we have limitation of our imagination but when I see the movie it helps me to understand the situation and emotion of the character in better way through their expression and dialogue. The setting of movie and the way it directed so very good that  we can see the different way to show the things for example the way name of the film showing on the pillar of castle is different and unique.

• was there any particular scene or moment in the movie that you will cherish life time?

Ans : yes In the movie when it starts at very first time when Claudius and Gertrude came into the hall in castle. At that time Hamlet was stand alone . so it shows that he become depress and sad but no one cares him at that time. When he need his mother at that time she went  him alone. So this scene of the movie I cherish  lifetime. Also the situation of Ophelia when she become mad no one cares her and Hamlet was not their when she needs him a lot.

• If you are director, what changes would you like to make in the remarking of movie on Shakespeare's Hamlet?

Ans : There is no much need to change the movie because he directed it so well. The setting of the play is very royal,expression of the characters are also good. I want to get one change in this movie to make Ophelia's character strong and also make her love more strong for Hamlet. I don't want to make puppet of his father and Claudius. I want to show her  strong that she could take her own decision.

• In the beginning of movie , camera rolls over the statue of king Hamlet out side of the Elsinore castle. The movie ends with the similar sequence where in the statue of the king Hamlet is hammered down to the dust . what sort of the symbolism do you read in this?

                   

Ans : In this statue of king Hamlet hammered down to the dust it shows that king Hamlet was at the center because without him tragedy could not happened. On the other words we can say that he was responsible for death of everyone and fall of Denmark happened because of this. At the first movie starts at that time statue of king  Hamlet  shows the pride of king Hamlet. But at the end of the movie this statue broken down and this shows that pride of king Hamlet is no more and he was only responsible for this.

• while studying the play through movie which approach do you find more applicable to the play ? Why? Give reasons with illustrations.

Ans : while studying the movie I find feminist approach and psychological approach. In the movie Ophelia always following the thing which was saying by his father and brother she could not take her decision in her own way. She become a puppet of his father and king Claudius who using her against Hamlet. No one can understand her situation including Hamlet. He also not understand her and behaves rudely with her.

    We can also find the psychological approach in this movie. Hamlet 's hatred towards his mother in first soliloquy. He says that ' Frailty the name is woman' .He also misbehave with Ophelia. So he was not happy  the marriage of Gertrude and Claudius. He was also depressed at that time and his behavior changing towards people and situations.

• which of the Above mentioned approaches appeals you more then other ? Why ? Give the reasons.

Ans : In this play all approaches are appeals but the feminist and psychological approach appeals more than others in many ways like hatred towards Ophelia and Gertrude , feeling depressed, Oedipus complex in psychological approach. In feminist approach Ophelia become puppet of his father and king Claudius, could not able to take discussion , insulting by Hamlet , get not much respect. So with these reasons these approaches are appeal more than other.